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Permian sponge reefs

Sponge fossil in Permian Reef El Capitan at Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas
Sponge fossil in Permian Reef El Capitan at Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas
Permian reefs are an important source of oil in West Texas. Instead of coral, the dominant reef-building animals were sponges.

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Permian Reef El Capitan Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas
© The Field Museum - CC BY-NC
Sponge fossil in Permian Reef El Capitan at Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas
© The Field Museum - CC BY-NC